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Street lights are one of the fixtures installed in urban areas. Solar street lights, as an advanced type of street light, are widely used due to their environmentally friendly benefits. What are the components of a solar street light? Below is an introduction by a Century Sunshine Lighting editor.
1. Battery
Due to the unstable input energy of solar photovoltaic power generation systems, a battery system is generally required for operation. Common types include lead-acid batteries, Ni-Cd batteries, and Ni-H batteries. The power of the solar panel must exceed the load power by more than four times for the system to operate normally. The voltage of the solar panel should exceed the operating voltage of the battery by 20-30% to ensure proper charging. The capacity of the battery should ideally be more than six times the daily consumption of the load.
2. Light Source
The type of light source used in solar street lights is a critical indicator of whether the solar fixtures can operate normally. Generally, solar fixtures utilize low-voltage energy-saving lamps, low-pressure sodium lamps, induction lamps, or LED light sources. LED light sources have a long lifespan, reaching up to 1,000,000 hours, operate at low voltage, do not require an inverter, and have high luminous efficiency.
3. Solar Controller
The most important component in a solar lighting system is the controller, as its performance directly impacts the lifespan of the system, especially the battery. The controller utilizes an industrial-grade MCU as the main controller, measuring environmental temperature and detecting parameters such as voltage and current of the battery and solar panel, thus controlling the switching of MOSFET devices to achieve various control and protection functions.
4. Lamp Pole and Fixture Housing
The height of the lamp pole should be determined based on road width, the spacing of the lamps, and the required road illumination standards. According to the data collected on foreign solar lamps, most choices lean towards energy-saving between aesthetics and energy efficiency, with a relatively simple and practical design.
5. Solar Panels
The solar panel is the core component of solar street lights and the most valuable part. Its role is to convert solar radiation into electrical energy or store it in the battery. Solar panels are primarily made from monocrystalline silicon, which creates a P-N junction similar to that in diodes. The operational principle is akin to that of a diode.
The above details about the components of solar street lights conclude our sharing. Solar street lights have advantages such as good stability, long lifespan, high luminous efficiency, easy installation and maintenance, high safety performance, energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, and practicality. They can be widely applied in urban main and secondary roads, residential areas, factories, tourist attractions, parking lots, and other locations.
