Currently, the advantage of solar street lights lies in their use of solar energy. Each street light functions like a small generator, absorbing light through solar panels, converting it into electrical energy, and storing it in dedicated solar batteries without the need for additional power consumption. However, at present, the batteries used in solar street lights mainly consist of lead-acid batteries, while lithium battery technology is gradually maturing. Firstly, regarding gel batteries, they are considered solid-state and mainly consist of lead, sulfuric acid, various metals, and plastics. The acid from waste batteries contains a significant amount of lead, and improper disposal can severely pollute soil and water, damage air quality and ecological balance, and may lead to human metabolic and neurological diseases. Experts have informed reporters that the current management of waste batteries domestically is quite disordered, which means many discarded lead-acid batteries are polluting our living environment.
Solar energy is originally a clean and pollution-free energy source, and the promotion of solar street lights precisely targets this green and environmentally friendly sector. However, if lead-acid batteries are not adequately managed, they can cause severe pollution, leading to a contradiction in goals. Thus, lighting manufacturers must conduct comprehensive considerations and analyses when developing energy-efficient lighting products. This includes energy consumption and pollution during the production process, recyclability of materials used after disposal, and environmental pollution. Related industries should also accelerate technological innovation and achieve early recovery and reuse of lead-acid batteries to establish a complete supply chain; otherwise, it could greatly impact the industry and society as a whole.
Post-installation maintenance is crucial. Currently, many regions are piloting the promotion of solar street lights, particularly in the construction of new rural areas; however, the results have not been entirely satisfactory, leading to widespread use of solar street lights. In comparison to traditional street lighting, solar street lights require higher initial investment and maintenance costs, which entails replacing batteries every one and a half to two years, a cost that amounts to about one-third of the initial investment. This contradicts our goal of energy saving, environmental protection, and cost-efficiency. Therefore, even if some local governments are able to invest hundreds of millions in one go for road lighting projects using solar street lights, when the battery life expires, they often lack the funds to replace them, and the management departments do not have enough manpower for maintenance, resulting in many solar street lights becoming ornamental. Meanwhile, the occurrence of lithium battery advancements has made it clear that a battery technology revolution is an unstoppable trend. Thus, promoting solar street lights should not be a mere display project; local governments must provide ongoing, planned financial and manpower support to ensure the longevity of solar street lights.
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