Solar cells convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy through a system known as the solar photovoltaic power generation system. The operation mode of solar photovoltaic power generation systems is divided into two main categories: off-grid photovoltaic power generation and grid-connected photovoltaic power generation.
Off-Grid Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System
is a solar photovoltaic power generation system that is not connected to the public power grid. It can also be called an independent photovoltaic power generation system, ideal for installation in areas without electricity that are far from the public grid and in some special locations.
Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System
refers to photovoltaic power generation systems connected to the public power grid. It has entered a stage of large-scale commercialization, becoming an important direction for the development of the power industry and the mainstream trend of solar photovoltaic power generation technology.
The basic components of a solar photovoltaic power generation system include:
The primary components of a solar photovoltaic power generation system consist of solar cell arrays, controllers, battery groups, and inverters.
1. The solar cell array is composed of solar cell modules and array brackets. Since the voltage of a single solar cell is generally low, practical solar panels are connected together to form an application unit, then multiple application units are connected in series or parallel to form a solar cell array according to the power supply requirements.
2. The role of the battery group is to store the electrical energy produced by the solar cell array during sunlight exposure, providing power to the load as needed. In grid-connected solar power generation systems, a battery group may not be necessary.
3. The controller is a device that regulates and controls electrical energy.
4. The inverter is the device that converts the direct current (DC) provided by the solar cell array and battery into alternating current (AC). It is a key component of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems. Since solar panels are DC sources, an inverter is essential when the load is an AC load. Inverters can be classified into stand-alone inverters for independent solar power generation systems and grid-connected inverters.
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