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When installing, it is essential to adjust the solar panel to face the sun at an optimal angle. An inaccurate orientation will affect the photovoltaic panel’s ability to absorb sunlight, leading to fluctuations in electricity generation.
The tilt angle of the solar panel refers to the angle between the solar array and the horizontal ground. This angle affects the electricity generation throughout the year. The optimal tilt angle is related to the geographical latitude of the location; higher latitudes require correspondingly larger tilt angles. However, while designing, it is also necessary to consider the roof’s slope and the sliding angle of snow (where the slope exceeds 50%-60%). Additionally, during the snow period, even if the electricity generation is low, the total yearly generation may still increase, so especially in grid-connected systems, the sliding of snow should not be prioritized without considering other factors.
For directly south-facing panels (azimuth angle of 0°), as the tilt angle transitions from horizontal (tilt angle of 0°) to a steep slope, the solar radiation increases until it reaches a peak. Once the tilt angle exceeds 50° to 60°, the solar radiation declines sharply, and when the panels are placed vertically, the electricity generation drops to a minimum. Examples exist of panels tilting from vertical to angles of 10° to 20°. For configurations where the azimuth angle is not 0°, the solar radiation levels are generally lower, and the values tend to be higher at angles close to the horizontal plane.
The relationship between azimuth angle, tilt angle, and electricity generation is crucial. For specific designs of a solar array, both the azimuth and tilt angles should be further integrated with actual conditions to最大化 the advantages of solar panels.
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